Smart Paper Factory 智慧造纸厂
My graduation project in the Urban Architecture Studio focuses on the renovation of the old Sappi Paper Factory in Maastricht. The idea is to create a post-industrial smart factory where design, exhibition, and production activities are intertwined. This space will serve as a creative hub that fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, where artists, designers, researchers, and the public can come together. The key material explored in this project is paper cellulose, which I propose to "glean" from the factory’s production process.
我的毕业设计项目在城市建筑工作室中，专注于对马斯特里赫特旧Sappi纸厂的改造。该项目旨在创建一个后工业的智能工厂，在设计、展览和生产活动中实现有机结合。这个空间将成为一个创意中心，促进跨学科的合作，艺术家、设计师、研究者和公众可以在这里汇聚。项目的核心材料是纸质纤维素，我计划将其从工厂的生产过程中“拾荒”并加以利用。
Gleaning 城市拾荒
In the process of urban renewal and transformation, many abandoned industrial buildings and old structures are often seen as “blind spots” of the city. These spaces are frequently hidden within the urban fabric, surrounded by silent ruins or crumbling walls. However, their value has not disappeared; on the contrary, they harbor untapped potential. Just as gleaners search for lost grain in the fields, abandoned urban spaces possess overlooked yet valuable qualities—they not only carry industrial memories but also embody the city's history, social changes, and the emotional connections of its people. 在城市更新和改造的过程中，许多废弃的工业厂房和老旧建筑被视作城市的“死角”，它们在城市肌理中常常处于隐蔽的位置，周围是沉寂的废墟或破败的围墙。然而，这些空间的价值并非完全消失，反而蕴藏着无限的潜力。正如拾穗者在田野中寻找遗漏的穗粒，城市中的废弃空间也有其被忽视但有价值的一面——它们不仅包含了曾经的工业记忆，还承载着城市历史、社会变迁与人们的情感联结。
Cognitive Map 认知地图
From an anthropological perspective, we interviewed dozens of residents living in Maastricht, including a football coach, international students, local shop owners, and others. We asked them to draw cognitive maps to explore their memories of the city and their emotional connections with it. Landmarks like churches, the old town, and the three bridges crossing the Maas River were frequently mentioned. However, there was little recognition of the old industrial area around Sappi. 通过人类学的观察视角，我们采访了数十位在马斯特里赫特生活的居民，包括球队教练、国际学生、本地摊铺老板等。我们让他们绘制认知地图，以此了解他们对这座城市的记忆点和与城市的情感联系。教堂、老城区以及横跨马斯河的三座桥梁是他们常提到的标志性地点，但对于Sappi这片老旧工业区，却鲜有印象。
Paper Factory & Urban Edge 造纸厂与城市边缘
Open the Island 打破孤岛
In the urban strategy, we want to open the sappi island, especially the south vacant area. The left part of the site is loose, with green space and open water front area, we hope it can have more connection with the outside space like sphinx area. And the right part is more compact and has its own expansion system. We want to make the porosity inside. Green space and water space are introduced to the site. To increase the accessibility, blue pedestrian path connects sphinx area with sappi and the river side. Red tram line brings tourists and residents inside the new factory. Different programs guarantee the 24 hour vitality on the site. 在城市策略方面，我们希望打通Sappi岛，特别是南侧的空旷区域。场地的左侧是松散的绿地和开阔的水域，我们希望它能与外部空间（如Sphinx区）有更多的连接。右侧则较为紧凑，并有自己的扩展系统。我们希望在其中引入通透性，增加绿地和水域，提升场地的可达性。蓝色步行道连接Sphinx区、Sappi和河滨，红色电车线路将游客和居民带入新工厂。不同的功能将保证场地的全天候活力。
Paper Cellulose Potential 纸纤维的潜能
Paper Revival 纸的复兴
The Sappi Paper Factory itself stands as a symbol of the city’s industrial past, yet its future remains uncertain due to the declining demand for paper. My goal is to repurpose this large industrial site into a creative laboratory for new ideas and designs, integrating paper as both a material and a medium for innovation. The aim is to revitalize the area and create a space that encourages hands-on participation, where the public can engage in design, exhibition, and production activities. Sappi纸厂本身是这座城市工业过去的象征，但由于纸张需求下降，其未来充满不确定性。我的目标是将这个大型工业场地改造为一个创意实验室，成为新思路和设计的孵化器，将纸张作为材料和创新媒介。通过这种方式，我们希望复兴该区域，并创造一个鼓励公众参与、互动设计、展览和生产的空间。
Drawing 图纸
Return to Human Scale 回归人的尺度
The design returns to a simple and elegant architectural form, seamlessly integrating with the old factory. I call it a "return to the human scale." The main entrance is at the center of the new Smart Paper Lab, where visitors can enter from both the river side and the tram station. Here, you can explore exhibition spaces, engage in DIY workshops, or purchase souvenirs from the shop. Since the building is made of paper, it is not very tall, occupying only part of the first floor. Workers at the factory, or residents living in the high white buildings, can overlook the Smart Paper Lab and enjoy the beautiful folded roof. From the opposite side of the Maas River or from a boat, people can see the new Smart Paper Lab blending with the old brick structures. Upon arrival, the transparent entrance visually connects the Sphinx area with the Maas River. 设计回到了一个简单优雅的建筑形式，它与老厂房融为一体。我将其称为“回归人性尺度”。主入口位于新智能纸张实验室的中央，游客可以从河边和电车站两侧进入。你可以参观展览空间、在工作坊DIY，或者在商店购买纪念品。由于这座建筑是由纸制成的，所以它不会很高，仅为一层的一部分。在工厂工作的工人，或者住在高处白色建筑里的居民，可以俯瞰这个智能纸张实验室，欣赏美丽的折叠屋顶。对于来自马斯河对岸的人或船上的人来说，他们可以看到这座新智能纸张实验室与老砖建筑融合的景象。当他们来到现场时，入口是透明的，视觉上连接了Sphinx区和马斯河。
Rendering 渲染图
Cardboard Panel System 纸面板系统
To realize this radical paper architecture project, I need to decide which types of paper products to use. The cellulose from Sappi serves as the raw material for manufacturing cardboard and paper honeycombs, and depending on the porosity of the material, it can be used as load-bearing walls or insulation layers. According to case studies, paper honeycomb and CLT (cross-laminated timber) panels can be used as sandwich panels for residential buildings with a span of 6 meters. Glued cardboard with 24 layers of thickness can serve as a load-bearing structure, with a lifespan of up to 50 years. Double-layered wood panel folding plates can be joined without glue, and the space between them can serve as an insulation layer. These examples inspire me to use cardboard to build an architecture that is easy to assemble and disassemble. 为了实现这个激进的纸建筑项目，我需要决定使用哪些纸制品。Sappi的纸浆是制造纸板和纸蜂窝的原材料，依据材料的孔隙度，它可以作为承重墙或隔热层。根据案例研究，纸蜂窝和CLT（交叉层压木板）面板可以作为夹心板，用于跨度6米的住宅建筑。24层厚度的胶合纸板可以作为承重结构，其使用寿命可达50年。双层木板折叠板可以无胶连接，其中的空间可作为隔热层。这些启发我利用纸板来建造易于组装和拆卸的建筑。
Paper Cellulose as Building Components 纸纤维作为建筑构件
Tongue-and-Groove Connection in Interior Space 室内榫卯搭接
Due to the manufacturing process, cardboard exhibits anisotropic properties similar to wood. To enhance its structural rigidity in both directions, I designed cross-laminated cardboard. Since cardboard is stronger in tension than in compression, I used it as the inner structure for tensile components, while the outer structure is made of CLT panels, which also helps address the waterproofing issue. After solving the material performance challenges, I designed a structural prototype using a cardboard panel system with a honeycomb core, combining structural, thermal, and acoustic insulation functions. The composite panels are connected through a tongue-and-groove system. The connections for walls, floors, and roofs involve covering the outer structural panels with a waterproof polycarbonate film. 由于制造工艺的原因，纸板有类似木材的各向异性问题。为了提高其在两个方向上的结构刚度，我设计了交叉层压纸板。由于纸板在拉伸方向上比压缩方向更强，我将纸板作为内结构用于拉伸结构，而外结构则使用CLT面板，这样也能解决防水问题。在解决了材料性能问题后，我设计了一个结构原型纸板面板系统，内部有蜂窝芯，这样可以将结构、热能和声学隔音功能结合起来。复合面板通过榫槽系统连接。墙壁、地板和屋顶的连接方式是外部结构面板覆盖了防水聚碳酸酯膜。
Facade Composition 立面构成
Detail Design 细部设计
The double façade offers three main benefits. First, it helps protect the cardboard from external moisture, such as rain. Second, it provides a buffer space that aids in regulating the temperature between the interior and exterior. Third, the double façade can serve as a small exhibition space, attracting passersby with showcases. For ventilation, I use electric shutters. When the double façade is opened, it can either exhaust or supply air. In the summer, by closing the inner windows and lowering the sunshades, an external air curtain is created. In winter, closing the outer windows allows heat to accumulate, promoting internal air circulation.To prevent the wood and cardboard from being immersed in water, I have used a raised foundation. The bottom ventilation also ensures the lower part of the building stays dry. 双层立面有三个主要优点。首先，它可以帮助将纸板与外部水源隔离，例如雨水。其次，它提供了一个缓冲空间，有助于调节室内外的温度。第三，双层立面还可以作为小型展览空间，吸引路过的游客，例如展示橱窗 在通风方面，我采用了电动百叶窗。当双层立面开启时，可以排气或送气。夏天，关闭内窗并拉下遮阳帘，可以形成外部空气幕。冬天，关闭外窗可以积聚热量，帮助室内空气循环。为了防止木材和纸板浸泡在水中，我采用了抬高的基础。底部的通风也能保持建筑下部干燥。
Construction Details 构造细部
